Repository of Useful Scales
Here you will find a list of scales and measures that could be useful in measuring outcomes in recovery community centers (RCCs) and studies on RCCs. Below, the items have been grouped by the constructs they measure. You can open a PDF containing the full items and scoring of each measure by clicking on the link in the “Items” column.
Note: This list is a work in progress, so any blank spaces currently in the tables will be filled in at a later time. We will also be adding more scales and measures over time.
If you would like more information on any of the listed scales, or would like to suggest scales, please email recoveryseminars@mgh.harvard.edu
Evaluation of Services
Name # Items Items
Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ) 8 (Larsen, 1979)
Client Evaluation of Self and Treatment (CEST) 130 (Institute of Behavioral Research, 2005)
Social Support Subscale of Client Evaluation of Self and Treatment (CEST-SS) 9 (Institute of Behavioral Research, 2005)
Utilization of Recovery-Oriented Services 4 Recovery-Oriented Service Items
Group Cohesion Measure 11 Group Cohesion Items
Ways in Which RCCs Confer Benefit 17 Ways in Which RCCs Confer Benefit
Quality of Life
Name # Items Items
EUROHIS-QOL 8 (Schmidt et al., 2006)
Quality of Life (WHOQOL)-BREF 26 (WHOQOL Group, 1998)
Emotional Well-Being
Name # Items Items
Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWL) 5 (Diener et al., 1985)
Single-Item Self-Esteem Scale 1 (Robins et al., 2001)
Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS) 4 (Lyubomirsky & Lepper, 1999)
Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) 10 (Rosenberg, 1965)
Current Experience Scale (CES) 23 (Park, Luberto, Chad-Friedman et al., 2021)
Flourishing
Name # Items Items
Flourishing Measure (FM) 6 (VanderWeele, 2017)
Flourishing Scale (FS) 8 (Diener et al., 2010)
Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS). 14 (Snaith et al., 1995)
State Optimism Measure (SOM) 7 (Millstein et al., 2019)
Brief State Optimism Measure (B-SOM) 2 B-SOM Items
Mechanisms of Behavior Change
Name # Items Items
Alcohol Abstinence Self-Efficacy 20-Item (AASE-20) 20 (DiClemente et al., 1994)
Resilience
Name # Items Items
Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) 5 (Smith et al., 2008)
Anxiety and Depression
Name # Items Items
Center of Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D-10) 10 (Andresen et al., 1994)
Generalized Anxiety Disorder Screener (GAD-7) 7 (Spitzer et al., 2006 & Löwe et al., 2008)
Personal Health Questionnaire – 4 items (PHQ-4) 4 (Kroenke et al,. 2009)
Personal Health Questionnaire – 8 items (PHQ-8) 8 (Kroenke et al,. 2009)
Medication-Assisted Treatment
Name # Items Items
The Attitudes Toward MAT Scale 36 (Cavazos-Rehg et al., 2018)
Substance Use
Name # Items Items
Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test – Consumption (AUDIT-C) 3 (Bradley et al., 2007)
Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test – 10-item measure (AUDIT 10) 10 (Bohn et al., 1995)
Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST-10) 10 (Skinner, 1982)
Physical Health
Name # Items Items
Rand Health Survey (SF-36) 36 (Hays et al., 1993)
Stress
Name # Items Items
Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) 10 (Cohen, 1983)
Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-4) 4 (Cohen, 1983)
Additional Scales and Measures
Name # Items Items
Timeline Follow-Back (Form 90) 58 (Miller, 1996)
Barriers to Retention in Substance Use Treatment 19 (Zemore et al., 2021)
Life Goals 1 Life Goals
UCLA Three-Item Loneliness Scale (ULS-3) 3 (Hughes et al., 2004)
Recovery Specific Constructs
Name # Items Items
Substance Use Recovery Evaluator (SURE) 26 (Neale et al., 2016)
Brief Assessment of Recovery Capital (BARC-10) 10 (Vilsaint et al., 2017)
Assessment of Recovery Capital (ARC) 50 (Groshkova et al., 2013)
Recovery Progression Measure (RPM) 36 (Elison et al., 2016)